Traffic characteristics
ANDRE ; KYRIAKIS ; HAMMARSTROM ; HICKMAN ; SAMARAS
Type de document
COMMUNICATION AVEC ACTES INTERNATIONAL (ACTI)
Langue
anglais
Auteur
ANDRE ; KYRIAKIS ; HAMMARSTROM ; HICKMAN ; SAMARAS
Résumé / Abstract
Road traffic related data is required for estimating air pollutant emissions from transport. Data requirements can be summarised as : quantification of the transport activity, location (inside / outside urban areas, etc.) and affect of driving conditions for each category of vehicles. Different data sources are examined : International sources provide harmonized data, easy to obtain and to manage, but on a large scale. National surveys and specific studies are very heterogeneous in their methods and results throughout the Europe, and their availability varies. On-board data measurements involve a limited number of vehicles but provide a detailed knowledge of their operating conditions. Generally, there is a lack of knowledge on speed. More often, it is not possible to associate consistent data on the three themes : quantification, localisation and driving patterns. Some results are presented that highlight the difficulties to collect coherent statistics for each of the European countries. The investigation methods can led to different results. Estimations of the traffic location as a function of the broad categories : urban, road and motorway show significant variations. Data recorded with instrumented cars in real-use can be an accurate and appropriate alternative - as emissions are function of driving patterns - to characterise driving conditions and measure corresponding traffic volume. Unfortunately, such measurements do not yet concern the different countries and vehicles categories. The European vehicle fleet is described, following the breakdown accepted in the research projects MEET and CORINAIR. Forecasts up to the year 2010 are given. The 15 EU countries are compared in terms of fleet composition, car density and of passenger car mileage. Mots clés libres :transport, traffic, vehicle, fleet, trip, speed, annual mileage, statistics.
